Ch 25: Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)

What are the two basic types of physical secondary storage disk technologies standardly used in database management environments for persistent, stable data storage?

-- Secondary storage classifications:
-- 1. Magnetic Disks (HDD)
-- 2. Optical Disks (CD-ROM, DVD, WORM)

True or False: RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) models are project management frameworks based on producing functional deliverables frequently and repetitively.

Match the physical database storage technologies with their correct operational and volatile characteristics: 1. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) 2. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) 3. Optical Disk (WORM - Write Once Read Many) 4. Hard Disk Drive (Magnetic storage platter) A. High-speed, highly expensive, volatile memory used for CPU cache. B. Standard cost-efficient volatile main memory (RAM) requiring continuous electrical refreshing. C. Non-volatile optical medium designed to write data once and prevent any subsequent modification for archive auditing. D. Primary non-volatile magnetic storage platers providing direct, non-sequential disk blocks access.

-- Storage Hierarchy (Fastest/Expensive -> Slowest/Cheaper):
-- Cache (SRAM) -> Main Memory (DRAM) -> Magnetic Disk (HDD) -> Optical Storage (WORM)

True or False: The RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) model combines the structural elements of the sequential waterfall model with the rapid development philosophy of prototyping.

Match the RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) levels in Column A with their correct functional descriptions in Column B: Column A (RAID Tiers): 1. RAID-0 2. RAID-1 3. RAID-2 4. RAID-3 5. RAID-4 Column B (Functionalities): A. Stripes data at a byte level across several drives using Hamming error correction codes. B. Stripes data at a block level across several drives, but does not provide redundancy. C. Provides redundancy by writing all data simultaneously to two or more mirrored drives. D. Stripes data at a byte level across several drives, utilizing a dedicated parity disk. E. Stripes data at a block level across several drives, utilizing a dedicated parity disk.

-- Physical disk storage tiers:
-- RAID-0: Striped, no fault tolerance
-- RAID-1: Mirrored, high fault tolerance
-- RAID-5: Block striped with distributed parity